Home-Country National
Host-Country National
Third-Country National
Advantages
Greater control of organization
Language barrier is eliminated
The third-country national may be better equipped to bring the international perspective to the business
Managers gain experience in local markets
Possible better understanding of local rules and laws
Costs associated with hiring such as visas may be less expensive than with home-country nationals
Possible greater understanding and implementation of business strategy
Hiring costs such as visas are eliminated
Cultural understanding
Morale builder for employees of host country
Disadvantages
Adapting to foreign environment may be difficult for manager and family, and result in less productivity
Host-country manager may not understand business objectives as well without proper training
Must consider traditional national hostilities
Expatriate may not have cultural sensitivity
May create a perception of “us” versus “them”
The host government and/or local business may resent hiring a third-country national
Language barriers
Can affect motivation of local workers
Cost of visa and hiring factors